Factors that were associated with incident anemia included: older age, female sex, black race, HCV coinfection, lower CD4 cell counts, VL ≥400 copies/ml and lower eGFR. ![]() During a median follow-up of 6.6 (interquartile range 4.3–7.6) years, 1086 participants developed anemia and 465 participants developed severe anemia. This retrospective cohort study included 15,126 PLWH. Potential risk factors included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, hazardous alcohol use, illicit drug use, hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CD4 cell count, viral load, ART use and time in care at CNICS site. Hemoglobin levels were ascertained using laboratory data from routine clinical care. ![]() Linear mixed effects models were used to examine relationships between patient characteristics and hemoglobin levels during follow-up. Within a prospective clinical cohort of adult PLWH receiving care at eight sites across the United States between 1/2010–3/2018, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted among a) PLWH free of anemia at baseline and b) PLWH free of severe anemia at baseline to determine associations between time-updated patient characteristics and development of anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL), or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 7.5 g/dL). Information on risk factors for anemia incidence in the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) era is lacking. Anemia is common among people living with HIV infection (PLWH) and is associated with adverse health outcomes.
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